Activation of oxidized cysteine proteinases by thioredoxin-mediated reduction in vitro.

Reversible inactivation of the tumor suppressor PTEN by H2O2.

The tumor suppressor PTEN regulates cell migration, growth, and survival by removing the 3'-phosphate of phosphoinositides. Exposure of purified PTEN or of cells to H(2)O(2) resulted in inactivation of PTEN in a time- and H(2)O(2) concentration-dependent manner. Analysis of various cysteine mutants, including mass spectrometry of tryptic peptides, indicated that the essential Cys(124) residue i...

Kinetic analysis of the interactions between plant thioredoxin and target proteins

Thioredoxin is a critical protein that mediates the transfer of reducing equivalents in vivo and regulates redox sensitive enzymes in several cases. In addition, thioredoxin provides reducing equivalents to oxidoreductases such as peroxiredoxin. Through a dithiol-disulfide exchange reaction, the reduced form of thioredoxin preferentially interacts with the oxidized forms of targets, which are i...

Disulfide bond-mediated multimerization of Ask1 and its reduction by thioredoxin-1 regulate H2O2-induced JNK activation and apoptosis

Apoptosis signal regulated kinase-1 (Ask1) lies upstream of a major redox-sensitive pathway leading to the activation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the induction of apoptosis. We found that cell exposure to H2O2 caused the rapid oxidation of Ask1 leading to its multimerization through the formation of interchain disulfide bonds. Oxidized Ask1 was fully reduced within minutes after inductio...

Bivalent DNA Vaccination with Genes Encoding Leishmania major Cysteine Proteinases Type I and II Protects Mice Against Infectious Challenge

The CCAAT-binding complex coordinates the oxidative stress response in eukaryotes

The heterotrimeric CCAAT-binding complex is evolutionary conserved in eukaryotic organisms. The corresponding Aspergillus nidulans CCAAT-binding factor (AnCF) consists of the subunits HapB, HapC and HapE. All of the three subunits are necessary for DNA binding. Here, we demonstrate that AnCF senses the redox status of the cell via oxidative modification of thiol groups within the histone fold m...